5/11/2023 0 Comments Mean squared error![]() ![]() When the model is accepted, it is necessary to quantify the quality of the adjusted surface in terms of prediction. ![]() This is notably the role of the determination of coefficients R 2 and adjusted R 2, and the study of residuals, and so on. To do so, there are criteria which can be used to test the fit between the observations and predictions on the data used for the construction of the model. An initial diagnosis involves studying the values of the model with the points of the design of experiments. The CPU time of estimators is depending on the numerical complexity as indicated by the number of points inherited for function evaluations.Īfter a model is built, it is necessary to examine the validity of the model. ![]() Meanwhile, the computation time requested to complete a single run by DDKF is the shortest, followed by CKF and sUKF. ![]() On the other hand, CKF produced highest accuracy since it considers the third-degree spherical-radial rule which is accurate for polynomials of all odd degrees even beyond three ( Arasaratnam and Haykin, 2009). Therefore, sUKF has a higher accuracy than DDKF. Under this scheme, errors are only introduced in the 3 rd and higher orders ( Luo, 2009). Meanwhile, the sUKF is able to encompass the posterior mean and covariance accurately to the 2 nd order for any nonlinearity choosing by the weights and sigma-point locations such that the first and second order terms matched exactly. The DDKF suffers to the lowest accuracy because the posterior mean and covariance obtained is only covered accurately to the first order with all higher order moments truncated ( Nørgaard et al., 2000, van der Merwe, 2004). Among those three estimators, CKF has the highest accuracy due to the lowest RMSE obtained, followed by sUKF’s and DDKF. From the table, for under the normal condition, it can be seen that all the estimators provide a good estimation of ester (sec- butyl propionate) with very small RMSE. The RMSE results and CPU time for all estimators obtained are tabulated in Table 1. ![]()
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